Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory of In-Fibre Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
2 Photonics Research Centre, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
3 Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
4 Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
A black phosphorus (BP) functionalized optical fiber sensor based on a microfiber coil resonator (MCR) for ion detection in an aquatic environment is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The MCR-BP sensor is manufactured by winding a tapered microfiber on a hollow rod composed of a low-refractive-index polycarbonate (PC) resin with the BP deposited on the internal wall of the rod. Based on the propagation properties of the MCR, the chemical interaction between the ions and the BP alters the refractive index of the ambient environment and thus results in a detectable shift in the transmission spectrum. The resonance wavelength moves towards longer wavelengths with an increasing concentration of ions, and the sensor has an ultra-high detection resolution of 0.0285 ppb (parts per billion). The temperature dependence is 106.95 pm/°C due to the strong thermo-optic and thermal-expansion effect of the low-refractive-index PC resin. In addition, the sensor shows good stability over a period of 15 days. The local pH also influences the sensor, with the resonance wavelength shift increasing as pH approaches a value of 7 but then decreasing as the pH value increases further due to the effect of the BP layer by and ions. The sensor shows the potential for high-resolution detection of ions in a liquid environment with the particular advantages of having a simple structure, ease of fabrication, low cost, low loss, and simple interrogation.
Photonics Research
2019, 7(6): 06000622
Author Affiliations
Abstract
A quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) code is constructed by an improved stability of the shortest cycle algorithm for 160-Gb/s non-return zero differential quadrature phase shift keying (NRZ-DQPSK) optical transmission system with the fiber-based optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). The QC-LDPC code with stability of the shortest cycle reduces the bit error ratio (BER) to 10-14 and restrains the error floor effectively.
060.4510 Optical communications 220.4830 Systems design 190.4223 Nonlinear wave mixing Chinese Optics Letters
2014, 12(1): 010604